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In horses, which condition represents the severest form of laminitis related to pituitary dysfunction?
Cushing's disease
Equine grass sickness
EHV myeloencephalopathy
Hyperadrenocorticism
The correct answer is: Hyperadrenocorticism
The severest form of laminitis related to pituitary dysfunction in horses is associated with hyperadrenocorticism, commonly known as Cushing's disease. Cushing's disease in horses results from an overproduction of cortisol due to dysfunction in the pituitary gland, specifically hyperplasia or a tumor of the pituitary gland, leading to elevated levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This hormonal imbalance can manifest in various ways, one of which is laminitis—a condition characterized by significant inflammation and damage to the laminae of the hoof, resulting in pain and potential lameness. The connection between Cushing's disease and laminitis arises from the increased cortisol levels, which can impair blood flow to the hoof and disrupt metabolic processes essential for maintaining healthy hoof structure. Such disruptions can precipitate acute or chronic laminitis, making it a severe complication of the underlying pituitary dysfunction. Understanding this context emphasizes the significance of monitoring and managing Cushing's disease in horses to prevent complications like laminitis. In contrast, while equine grass sickness and EHV myeloencephalopathy are serious conditions affecting horses, they are not primarily linked with pituitary dysfunction and do not typically lead to laminitis resulting from such hormonal imbalances.